Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide Research Articles

The mechanism of oleic acid deoxygenation to green diesel hydrocarbon using porous aluminosilicate catalysts

The role of mesoporous solid acid aluminosilicate in the oleic acid deoxygenation was elucidated using ZSM-5 and Al-MCM-41 impregnated with Ni. The mesoporous supports were synthesized using a similar initial Si/Al ratio but employing different templates to vary the mesopores. ZSM-5_T produced interparticle mesopores when using TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) as a template. Meanwhile, ZSM-5_S with a well-defined intraparticle mesoporous channel was formed using a silicalite template. Al-MCM-41 synthesized without a template produced one-dimensional highly ordered mesoporous channels. The arrangement of mesoporosity in aluminosilicate determined the mechanistic pathway of oleic acid conversion into hydrocarbon. Oleic acid underwent primary thermal cracking into carboxylic acid before progressing into the subsequent decarbonylation reaction. The diesel hydrocarbon yield was enhanced following the order of Al-MCM-41>ZSM-5_S>ZSM-5_T>blank reaction. Large intraparticle mesoporosity produced long-chain carboxylic acid from catalytic cracking of oleic acid, which was subsequently deoxygenated into long-chain hydrocarbons.

A tailor-made fluorescent ionic liquid integrating tetrapropylammonium hydroxide with 1-naphathoic acid to construct a dual-emitting fluoroprobe for sensing hydroquinone in environmental waters

Herein, a dual-emitting fluoroprobe was pioneered for the sensitive and selective detection of hydroquinone (HQ) in environmental waters, which was based on integration of a tailor-made fluorescent ionic liquid ([TBAOH][NA]) with Eu3+ (([TBAOH][NA]/Eu3+). HQ could substantially enhance the 365-nm fluorescence intensity (FI365) of [TBAOH][NA]/Eu3+, whereas no prominent variation ocurred in FI615. After HQ binding with [TBAOH][NA], the electronic structure of S1 was completely pi-pi*, and the orbital overlap of the latter was much higher, thereby promoting photon transitions. After some key factors were optimized using a central-composite-design (CCD) approach, this fluroprobe provided a linear response from 0.5 to 100 μM and detection limit of 0.15 μM for HQ assay, which was comparable to analytical performance by conventional HPLC-DAD analysis. Overall, the prominent advantages of as-developed fluoroprobe lie in two aspects: (1) Employing the ratio of two well-resolved emission and significantly differential responses to HQ greatly enhance sensitivity and accuracy through a self-calibration system; and (2) [TBAOH][NA] has not only the superiority of “green solvent” like conventional ionic liquids, but also possesses strong luminescence signal owing to introducing 1-naphathoic acid as an anion into tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. Consequently, this dual-emitting fluoroprobe is endowed with great potential in on-site and outdoor HQ monitoring.

Modulation of Al Distribution in High-Silica ZSM-5 Zeolites for Enhancing Catalytic Performance.

The spatial distribution of framework Al (AlF) has been one of the important factors that affect the catalytic properties of zeolites in diverse chemical reactions; however, the synthesis of high-silica zeolites with special AlF distribution remains a challenge. In this study, we successfully synthesized high-silica ZSM-5 zeolites with a unique AlF distribution by employing pentaerythritol (PET) as an additive in the presence of a few tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). The results demonstrated that the introduction of PET led to a higher proportion of Al atoms located at the sinusoidal and/or straight channels. It was observed that the addition of PET prevented the interaction between TPA+ and tetrahedral [AlO4]- during the crystallization process, resulting in enhanced availability of TPA species in the form of ion-paired TPA+. This effect leads to AlF atoms dominantly distributed away from the intersection and located in narrow channels, where acidic sites more effectively inhibit hydrogen transfer and coke formation. In the reaction of dimethyl ether (DME) to olefins, the catalyst with a unique Al distribution exhibited a significant prolonged catalytic lifetime, surpassing traditional TPA-ZSM-5 by more than 2-fold and maintaining DME conversion above 90% for a maximum of 148 h. The results of multiple pulse experiments also showed that these PET-assisted ZSM-5 zeolites significantly enhanced the selectivity of propene and butene. This approach provides an effective strategy to regulate AlF distribution in high-silica ZSM-5 catalysts with the assistance of neutral alcohol. It holds great potential for application in the synthesis of other high-silica zeolites, thereby enriching the diversity of zeolite catalysis.

Dual templated-based synthesis of smart zeolites and its self-healing anticorrosion coatings

The process for the synthesis of smart zeolite is complex. The porous zeolite was synthesized by a hydrothermal route. Aluminium powder and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) are used as alumina and silica sources. The presence of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAH) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (SDBS) acts as a structural directing agent and soft templates. The chemical growth mechanism of porous zeolite to form needle structures with the help of templates is discussed. The porous zeolite was prepared using optimum crystallization conditions (temperature and duration) and Si/Al component ratios. Following calcination, the porous zeolite was loaded with mercaptobezothaizole (MBT) and layer by layer (LBL) covered with both cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes. This is the first time a study has been conducted that embraces the porous zeolite pre-loaded with a corrosion inhibitor (MBT). Here, the MBT is released in high pH conditions to prevent corrosion, simultaneously increasing the life of the smart zeolite coatings in a corrosive environment. The smart zeolite-based coatings prevent corrosion by the pH activity of smart zeolite above the neutral pH condition.

Effect on the introduction of hollow structure on Au/TS-1 to improve the stability for propylene epoxidation

In the direct gas-phase epoxidation of propylene, the channels of TS-1 are easily blocked by the carbon deposition which leads to poor stability and even deactivation of the catalyst. In this paper, H-TS-1 molecular sieve with hollow structure was successfully synthesized by the post-treatment of TS-1 molecular sieve with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) solution. The experimental results show that the Au/H-TS-1 catalyst exhibits good stability compared with Au/TS-1. TG results show that the weight of carbon deposition is only ∼3.56 wt% in Au/H-TS-1 at the reaction time of 50 h compared with Au/TS-1 catalyst (∼8.55 wt%). The introduction of hollow structure improves the mass transfer ability of the catalyst which could reduce the formation of carbon deposition and improve the stability of Au/H-TS-1 in propylene epoxidation. The PO formation rate of Au/H-TS-1 only decreased by ∼10.3 % after 100 h, while that of Au/TS-1 decreased by ∼28.3 %.

Synthesis of high-quality nano-H-ZSM-5 single crystals zeolite from montmorillonite and MTO catalytic studies

Clay is a rich aluminosilicate resource with unique advantages as a raw material for zeolites production. However, synthesizing nanosized single-crystalline zeolites through a simple approach using clay remains a significant challenge. In this paper, acid-washed montmorillonite (MSR) was used to prepare nano-H-ZSM-5 single crystals with high crystallinity, uniform grain size and permeable straight pores under the induction of a small amount of organic template tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH). Through temperature-staged treatment, the nucleation and growth process of zeolite were decoupled, ultimately achieving precise control over the size of the nano-single crystals. Mechanistic study showed that the low-temperature aging process produces smaller structural units which probably derived from the geopolymer topology of the clay, providing more active sites for zeolite nucleation, leading to the rapid crystallization during the high-temperature process. The porous structure promotes material diffusion, inhibits aromatic cycling and reduces carbon formation in the pores. The large specific surface area and nanoscale multilayer pore structure delay carbon accumulation and increase carbon holding capacity. These properties make nano-ZSM-5 single crystals an excellent choice for high olefin selectivity and long catalytic life in the methanol-to-olefin reaction. This synthetic route provides a general strategy for preparing nanosized zeolite single crystals from clay.

An efficient one-pot synthesis of p-xylene from bio-based 2,5-hexanedione and ethanol

A brand-new p-xylene (PX) production route via 2,5-hexanedione (HDO) and ethanol was put forward. And the reaction was successfully catalyzed by organic base - tetrapropylammonium hydroxide modified HZSM-5 zeolite. Under optimum condition, the conversion of 2,5-HDO and selectivity to PX was 89.6 % and 35.2 %, respectively, much higher than the patent HZSM-5 zeolite. For comparison, PX was also produced from 2,5-dimethyfuran (2,5-DMF) and ethanol or 2,5-HDO and ethylene under the same conditions. However, the PX selectivity and yield obtained from 2,5-HDO and ethanol was much poorer than that when 2,5-DMF or ethylene as reactant due to the series competitive dehydration reactions. To investigate the relationship between catalyst properties and performance, the physicochemical properties of catalysts were comprehensively characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, ICP, NH3/CO2-TPD, pyridine-IR, SEM, TEM and MAS NMR. Conclusion can be drawn that the appropriate acidity and hierarchical pore structure in T0.5-HZ catalyst (HZSM-5 modified by 0.5 M tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) were beneficial to high PX selectivity and yield. Among them, the acid site with weak acid site would catalyze 2,5-HDO intramolecular aldol condensation to 3-methylcyclopentenone (MCO), while strong acid site was beneficial for 2,5-DMF hydrolysis to 2,5-HDO. Thus, acid site with moderate strength was advantageous to the conversion of 2,5-HDO to 2,5-DMF. Besides, the enough amount of acid sites and suitable B/L ratio of 0.98 can satisfy the requirements of various dehydration reactions and Diels-Alder reaction between 2,5-DMF and dienophiles, enhancing PX selectivity and yield. Additionally, the hierarchical pore structure enhanced mass transfer efficiency and improved the reaction rate. The promising production for bio-based PX via 2,5-HDO and ethanol lay solid foundation for industrialized production route from lignicellulose.

Effect of mesopore spatial distribution of HZSM-5 catalyst on zinc state and product distribution in 1-hexene aromatization

1-hexene aromatization is a promising technology to convert excess olefin in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline to high-value benzene (B), toluene (T), and xylene. Besides, the increasing market demand of xylene has put forward higher requirements for new generation of catalyst. For increasing xylene yield in 1-hexene aromatization, the effect of mesopore structure and spatial distribution on product distribution and Zn loading was studied. Catalysts with different mesopore spatial distribution were prepared by post-treatment of parent HZSM-5 zeolite, including NaOH treatment, tetra-propylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) treatment, and recrystallization. It was found the evenly distributed mesopore mainly prolongs the catalyst lifetime by enhancing diffusion properties but reduces the aromatics selectivity, as a result of damage of micropores close to the catalyst surface. While the selectivity of high-value xylene can be highly promoted when the mesopore is mainly distributed interior the catalyst. Besides, the state of loaded Zn was also affected by mesopores spatial distribution. On the optimized catalyst, the xylene selectivity was enhanced by 12.4% compared with conventional Zn-loaded parent HZSM-5 catalyst at conversion over 99%. It was attributed to the synergy effect of mesopores spatial distribution and optimized acid properties. This work reveals the role of mesopores in different spatial positions of 1-hexene aromatization catalysts in the reaction process and the influence on metal distribution, as well as their synergistic effect two on the improvement of xylene selectivity, which can improve our understanding of catalyst pore structure and be helpful for the rational design of high-efficient catalyst.

Catalytic oxidation of toluene using layer-modified Mn-Ce solid solution with high specific surface area

Numerous studies have been reported on the application of Mn-Ce catalysts for the catalytic oxidation of toluene, and the modification of their physical structure has become an important method to favour toluene adsorption. This paper modified (MnCe)Ox by using a series of organic solutions. The catalysts modified by different organic solutions were prepared for the catalytic oxidation of toluene by impregnation method with calcination at 500 °C. Activity test results showed that the MC-TPAOH catalyst modified by tetrapropylammonium hydroxide solution had the best catalytic performance, with T50 and T90 of 192 °C and 221 °C. The MnO2 species on the surface of the catalyst modified by the organic solution were in an amorphous state, and the solid-solution effect of Mn-Ce was enhanced. Tetrapropylammonium hydroxide has greater solubility in polar solvents due to its higher number of C atoms and exhibits stronger phase-transfer ability, which was favourable to the Mn-Ce interaction. The structural properties of the catalyst were modulated by lamellar modification, which increased the specific surface area and formed a porous structure. The redox capacity was greatly improved, and more oxygen vacancies were exposed on the surface, which was conducive to the migration of active oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species present on the catalyst surface were the basis for its excellent activity. This study modifies (MnCe)Ox by organic solution to avoid the introduction of impurity ions. It opens a new direction for the physical structure modulation of Mn-Ce composite oxides and lays a research foundation for the organic modification of Mn-Ce composite oxides.

Effect of particle size of single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 on its surface mass transfer in n-heptane catalytic cracking

Single-crystalline hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with different particle sizes (namely 100, 140, and 200 nm) were successfully prepared by adjusting the amount of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), and investigated in n-heptane catalytic cracking reaction. Diffusional measurements by zero-length column (ZLC) method showed that the apparent diffusivities of n-heptane decreased with the reduction of particle size, indicating the existence of surface barriers. Moreover, with the decrease of particle size, the additional diffusion path length increased, which meant the influence of surface barriers became more apparent. Despite the change of surface barriers, the intracrystalline diffusion still dominated the overall diffusion. Catalytic performance showed that the zeolite with smaller particle size had better stability.

Optimization of MOFs-induced strategy for preparing anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 towards 1-hexene epoxidation: TPAOH dosage regulation, silanization and stabilizing acidic sites

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs)-induced synthetic strategy has been proven a convenient and efficient way for preparing anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 zeolite in our previous study. Here, to further enhance the catalytic performance on 1-hexene, the MOFs-induced hydrothermal synthesis route is optimized by adjusting the amount of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and performing different degrees of silanization treatment. A low TPAOH dosage can ensure the synthesized samples have abundant and dense active framework Ti at the expense of partial hierarchical structure. Further deep silanization treatment created mesoporous structure ranging between 20 and 30 nm without affecting the content or distribution of active titanium. The obtained anatase-free hierarchical TS-1 sample Sil-0.150 possesses excellent 1-hexene conversion of >38%. Based on detailed NH3-TPD and Py-IR tests, the presence of high-density Lewis acid sites (LAS) leads to a decreased epoxy product selectivity of 91.5%, and the optimized MOFs-induced synthesis strategy may open up new perspectives for the design and application of high-performance TS-1 catalysts in selective epoxidation reactions of various alkenes.

Macro-meso-microporous titanium silicalite-1 catalyst featuring self-assembled nanocrystals and multiple active species for propylene epoxidation

Titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) is an important catalyst for many oxidation reactions. Catalytically active titanium species with favourable particle morphology and pore structure to support diffusion are vital to the performance of this catalyst. Herein, by growing TS-1 nanocrystals on solid silicalite-1 cores followed by hollowing both the cores and TS-1 nanocrystals, a macro-meso-microporous (3 M) structured 3 M−TS−1(ML) catalyst was produced using only a solo template, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. This catalyst demonstrates superior catalytic performance for propylene epoxidation to propylene oxide, and contains only catalytically active Ti(OH)(OSi)3, Ti(OH)2(OSi)3 and Ti(OH)4(OSi)2 species and is free from inactive Ti species such as anatase-TiO2. Through rationally designed comparative evaluations, this work shows that the high catalytic activity of 3 M−TS−1(ML) is the results of both having excellent diffusion conditions from its unique 3-tiered pore structure and containing high activity Ti species such as Ti(OH)4(OSi)2.

Effects of residual alkali metals on the hydrothermal/thermal stability of silicalite-1

Understanding of the main factors affecting the hydrothermal stability of zeolites is vital for the application of zeolites in catalysis and separation. Although incorporation of extra-framework metal cations is an important stagey to improve the hydrothermal stability of Al-rich zeolites, how these metal cations affect the hydrothermal stability of high-silica zeolites is not well understood. In this work, the effects of residual alkali cations on the hydrothermal/thermal stability of silicalite-1, a pure-silica MFI-type zeolite, is explored. We show that the alkali impurities from commercial tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) are not negligible; the concentration and type of residual alkali cations dictate the hydrothermal/thermal stability of silicalite-1. Above a certain concentration (∼0.3–0.5 wt%), the alkali cations can lead to less silanol defects but much poorer hydrothermal/thermal stability. Below this concentration, the degrading effect is negligible. Removal of the alkali cations by proton exchange improves the stability significantly. Steaming (hydrothermal treatment) has two opposite effects on the silicalite-1 crystal structure: destruction by hydrolysis and perfecting by healing the defects. For silicalite-1 with considerable amounts of alkali cations, the destruction effect predominates; while the perfecting effect predominates for silicalite-1 with low alkali contents.

α-Fe2O3/CeO2 S-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

High photo-stability and effective charge separation are pivotal for hydrogen production over the photocatalysts through solar energy. Here mesoporous CeO2 nanorods were hydrothermally synthesized using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide as the template to construct the novel S-scheme heterojunction α-Fe2O3/CeO2 photocatalyst. The obtained heterojunction Fe2O3/CeO2 photocatalyst exhibited outstanding enhanced H2 evolution under visible illumination. The XRD results indicated that the Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocomposites revealed rhombohedral α-Fe2O3 and cubic CeO2 structures without impurities. TEM images revealed the formation of CeO2 nanorods with 400 nm length and 20 nm width decorated with Fe2O3 NPs (10 nm). The optimized S-scheme Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocomposites displayed a superior photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 2973.2 µmolg−1h−1, which was promoted 5.43 folds greater than that of CeO2 nanorods (547.05 µmolg−1h−1). The electron transport channels in S-scheme Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocomposites interfacial junctions facilitated the directional migration spatial and separation of photocarriers. The H2 evolution rate over the obtained Fe2O3/CeO2 photocatalyst was significantly promoted due to its synergistic effect, porous architecture, oxygen vacancies, small particle size and high visible light absorption ability. There was no decrease in the H2 evolution rate after five cycles of photocatalytic H2 evolution, which could verify the durability and stability of the Fe2O3/CeO2 nanocomposite. The photoluminescence (PL) and electrophotochemical responses were conducted to determine the charge carriers separation rate and understand the photocatalytic mechanism.

Size‐Dependent Electrochemistry of Oxygenated Ti3C2Tx MXenes

2D MXenes are widely proved to be potential electrode materials, although the size effect on their electrochemistry is not fully understood. In this work, Ti3 C2 Tx nanoflakes are prepared through acidic etching of Ti3 AlC2 powders, followed by the intercalation treatment with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide. Such a method produces large-scale delaminated and oxygenated nanoflakes. With aid of centrifugation, the nanoflakes with varied lateral sizes and thicknesses are collected, where electrochemical response of charged redox probes and polar phenol molecules is varied. Density functional theory and energy dispersive spectroscopy confirm such electrochemical response is dependent on the size and thickness of used nanoflakes, more exactly the oxygen content on their surface. Taking the nanoflakes obtained using a centrifugal speed of 5000rpm (MX-TPA0.2 ) as an example, they feature good dispersibility, a high oxygen content, a small size, and a thin thickness. On these nanoflakes electrochemical response of polar p-substituted phenols is pronounced, stemming from a strong electron-withdrawing interaction of their oxygenated termination with the Ar-OH. A sensitive electrochemical sensor is further constructed for the detection of p-nitrophenol. This work thus provides an approach to synthesize MXenes with different sizes and thicknesses as well as further to reveal size-dependent electrochemistry of MXenes.

Seed-assisted synthesis of Ga-MFI slabs and nanocrystal agglomerates and comparative study of acidic properties

A series of Ga-MFI zeolites were one-step synthesized following the seed-assisted strategy without using additional organic template. The effects of synthesis parameters on the framework fabrication, morphology evolution, and gallium incorporation were systematically investigated by XRD, N2-adsorption, UV-Raman, STEM, TEM, solid state NMR, NH3-TPD, and Py-IR analyses. The Si/Ga seed exhibited a highly efficient structure-directing capability in the assembly of MFI framework and the amount of the costly tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPA+) was thus decreased to less than one-tenth in comparison with the traditional synthesis. Crystallization temperature and pre-aging conditions played the key roles in the Ga-MFI zeolite synthesis. Both of the morphology and the intraframework gallium concentration can be facilely controlled by adding the mineralizer and surfactant. The addition of NH4F and CTAB was favorable for the formation of the slabs-form product but against to the gallium substitution. Only with the help of Si/Ga seed, the synthesized Ga-MFI nanocrystal agglomerates possess a highly accessible hierarchical mesopore structure that consisted solely of interparticle-type mesopores. Simultaneously, it also exhibited a remarkable gallium incorporation, which ensured the great acidic properties, including strong acidic strength and high acid amount. As a consequence, the Ga-MFI nanocrystal agglomerates performed the excellent catalytic activity in the LDPE degradation.

Effects of photoacid generator decomposition on dissolution kinetics of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) in tetraalkylammonium hydroxide aqueous solutions

For the advancement of lithography, the resist materials and processes are the most critical factors. In particular, the process of developing resist materials is important in reducing the line width roughness and stochastic defects. In this study, a quartz crystal microbalance method was used to investigate the dissolution dynamics of poly(4-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) films containing triphenylsulfonium nonaflate (TPS-nf) in tetraalkylammonium hydroxide (TAAH) aqueous solutions. The time required for dissolution increased with the alkyl chain length of TAAH. The dissolution rate of PHS films increased with UV irradiation dose for tetramethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide developers, whereas the dissolution time increased for the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide developer. For the tetrapropylammonium hydroxide developer, the dissolution time of PHS films without postexposure baking (PEB) slightly decreased with UV irradiation, whereas that with PEB increased. Both the surface free energy of PHS films and the molecular size of TAAH are considered to affect dissolution kinetics.

Tetrapropylammonium Hydroxide Treatment of Aged Dry Gel to Make Hierarchical TS-1 Zeolites for Catalysis.

This work presents the development and systematic study of a method to prepare hierarchical titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolites with high tetra-coordinated framework Ti species content. The new method involves (i) the synthesis of the aged dry gel by treating the zeolite precursor at 90 °C for 24 h; and (ii) the synthesis of hierarchical TS-1 by treating the aged dry gel using tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) solution under hydrothermal conditions. Systematic studies were conducted to understand the effect of the synthesis conditions (including the TPAOH concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, and treatment time) on the physiochemical properties of the resulting TS-1 zeolites, and the results showed that the condition of a TPAOH concentration of 0.1 M, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1.0, and treatment time of 9 h was ideal to enable the synthesis of hierarchical TS-1 with a Si/Ti ratio of 44. Importantly, the aged dry gel was beneficial to the quick crystallization of zeolite and assembly of nanosized TS-1 crystals with a hierarchical structure (S ext = 315 m2 g-1 and V meso = 0.70 cm3 g-1, respectively) and high framework Ti Species content, making the accessible active sites ready for promoting oxidation catalysis.

Desilication tuning of In/Hβ catalysts for sulfur- and steam-resistant CH4-SCR of NO

Mesoporous In/Hβ-X series catalysts were prepared by desilication method with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) and indium incorporation for selective catalytic reduction of NO with methane (CH4-SCR). The post desilication treatment conditions for preparing In/Hβ-X were optimized. Etching time is the most important desilication parameter influencing the resulting CH4-SCR performance of the catalyst. The In/Hβ-3 sample which was etched for 3 h presents the highest NOx conversion, 22% higher than In/H-Beta counterparts using commercial microporous beta. Obvious analysis reveals that besides generating mesopores, controlled desilication can modulate the proportion of InO+ active sites and surface oxygen species, allowing more active sites to be exposed.

Optimization of hierarchical ZSM-5 structure from kaolin as catalysts for biofuel production.

Optimization of hierarchical ZSM-5 structure by variation of the first hydrothermal step at different times provides insight into the evolution of micro/mesopores and its effect as a catalyst for deoxygenation reaction. The degree of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH) incorporation as an MFI structure directing agent and N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a mesoporogen was monitored to understand the effect towards pore formation. Amorphous aluminosilicate without the framework-bound TPAOH achieved within 1.5 h of hydrothermal treatment provides flexibility to incorporate CTAB for forming well-defined mesoporous structures. Further incorporation of TPAOH within the restrained ZSM-5 framework reduces the flexibility of aluminosilicate gel to interact with CTAB to form mesopores. The optimized hierarchical ZSM-5 was obtained by allowing hydrothermal condensation at 3 h, in which the synergy between the readily formed ZSM-5 crystallites and the amorphous aluminosilicate generates the proximity between micropores and mesopores. A high acidity and micro/mesoporous synergy obtained after 3 h exhibit 71.6% diesel hydrocarbon selectivity because of the improved diffusion of reactant within the hierarchical structures.